Peptides: The Future Of Healing And Weight Management

Unlike antibodies, peptides mostly cause fewer immune reactions and are less costly to produce. Moreover, peptides exhibit higher specificity compared to small-molecule drugs. So, they are an appealing option for targeted treatments.

Healing and weight loss are complex biological processes. They have traditionally been addressed through various forms of medication and therapy. However, the field of peptide research offers new ways of treatment.

The benefits of peptides are shown by:

• Hormone Regulation

Peptides like insulin and GLP-1 help in controlling blood sugar levels. They act either as hormone analogs or modulators.

• Immune Response Modulation

Certain peptides interact with immune cells to control inflammation and immune cell activation.

• Antimicrobial Properties

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can inhibit the growth of microorganisms or kill them.

• Pain Management

Peptides can influence pain receptors and neurotransmitters. So, they offer possible solutions for future pain management.

• Tissue Repair and Regeneration

Some peptides encourage cell growth, migration, or tissue remodeling.

You can buy healing and weight loss peptides from NuScience Peptides.

Out of many, four peptides show immense potential in healing tissue and regeneration. They are; BPC-157, GHK-cu, NAD+, Ipamorelin.

Peptide for Tissue Repair & Regeneration

BPC-157

BPC-157 stands for Body Protection Compound. As the name suggests, it's believed to offer multiple protective benefits to body organs.

Structurally, BPC-157 is a stable peptide made up of 15 amino acids. It is a fragment derived from a stomach protein found in gastric juice.

What makes BPC-157 special is its versatility in promoting healing. It shows immense potential in healing musculoskeletal injuries. On top of that, BPC-157 also affects several other organs like the GI tract, pancreas, liver, and even the heart. The effectiveness of BPC-157 is apparent even in low doses. Moreover, its impact is both immediate and enduring.

Since BPC-157 is derived from the stomach, it’s water-soluble and resistant to gastric acid. So, it has a good bioavailability profile.

BPC-157 can speed up the healing of injuries by:

• Enhancing the outgrowth of tendon fibroblasts and cell survival.
• Encourages the migration and spreading of tendon fibroblasts.
• Activates p-FAK and p-Paxillin in fibroblasts. [2]

BPC-157 affects a range of genes related to cellular signaling and wound healing.

Various methods for administering BPC-157 are studied. The results showed that all these methods are effective for BPC-157, depending upon the situation. The intramuscular route showed better results than intravascular in gastric ulcer treatment.

Studies have been conducted primarily on animals. It is essential to note that these recommendations may not directly apply to humans.

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GHK-cu

GHK-Cu is a tripeptide that contains Glycyl-l-Histidyl-l-Lysine-Copper. It is a small peptide that is found naturally in human plasma. GHK-cu is also released from tissues during injury. This molecule has a high affinity for copper ions. So, it forms a stable complex known as GHK-Cu.

The structure of GHK-cu has been thoroughly studied. The copper ion (Cu II) in GHK-Cu interacts with the nitrogen from the histidine side chain. This complex is stable and delivers non-toxic copper into cells. [9]

Various benefits and applications of GHK-cu have been observed. They are:

• Skin Tightening

GHK-Cu helps in reducing the appearance of loose skin. It increases the overall skin quality by increasing its thickness & density. [8]

• Wound Healing

Research indicates that GHK-Cu speeds up the healing process and helps repair tissue. It has a role in boosting collagen production.

• Protection Against UV Radiation

The molecule protects skin cells from the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays.

• Hair Growth

One noted benefit is that GHK-cu increases hair growth and strengthens hair follicles.

• Angiogenesis and NerveOutgrowth

GHK-Cu supports the formation of new blood vessels and nerve growth.

[7]

You can buy GHK-cu at NuScience Peptides here.

NAD+

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) is a molecule used in many metabolic processes. It's synthesized through two main pathways. One from tryptophan and another by recycling degraded NAD products. [3]

The benefits and clinical uses of NAD+ are:

• Metabolic Support

NAD+ plays a vital role in energy metabolism. It is a cofactor for enzymes that affect cellular functions like metabolism and DNA repair.

• Anti-Aging Potential

It has been shown that a decline in NAD+ levels is linked to aging and various diseases.

• Immune Cell Activity

NAD+ also influences the activity of immune cells. It offers many benefits for autoimmune disorders.

Some studies were also performed to get the safety profile of NAD+. However, no severe side effects have been reported. Still, the impurities in the NAD supplements might cause side effects. Plus, high doses of nicotinamide can lead to liver toxicity. It might also cause headaches and dizziness. These effects are short-term. [10]

However, more research is needed on NAD+. You can buy NAD at NuScience Peptides here.

Ipamorelin

Ipamorelin is a peptide with five amino acids and is derived from GHRP-1. What makes it distinct is its ability to selectively stimulate the release of growth hormone (GH.) Ipamorelin is commonly administered through IV, SC, and IN routes.

As far as the structure of Ipamorelin is concerned, here are some of its structural aspects:

• Molecular Formula: Ipamorelin is chemically represented as C38H49N9O5.
• Molecular Weight: It has a molecular weight of 711.9 g/mol.
• Synonyms: It's also known as NNC 26-0161. [5]

Ipamorelin shows many benefits in repairing tissues, muscles, and bones. It causes:

1. Promotion of Bone Growth

Research indicates that Ipamorelin can positively affect bone mineral content. It increases both femur and vertebra volumes. [11]

2. Longitudinal Bone Growth

Another study demonstrated that Ipamorelin significantly affects longitudinal bone growth rate. It also affects body weight without altering total IGF-I levels, IGFBPs, or serum bone markers.

3. Management of Postoperative Ileus

Another clinical study evaluated Ipamorelin's potential to manage postoperative ileus.

On the other side, some speculated side effects include fluid retention, joint pain, headaches, and increased hunger. Some users might also experience altered blood sugar levels due to a heightened response to insulin.

You can buy Ipamorelin at NuScience Peptides here.

Peptides for Weight Loss

Two peptides show immense potential in weight loss therapies. They are Semaglutide and Tirzepatide.

Semaglutide vs. Tirzepatide

Semaglutide and Tirzepatide are peptides that have gained attention for weight loss therapies.

First, Semaglutide acts as a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. It stimulates insulin secretion and reduces glucagon release. The peptidic structure of Semaglutide comprises 31 amino acids. The compound also includes specific modifications that enhance its stability and systemic half-life.

[1]

The effects of Semaglutide include:

• Increased insulin secretion.
• Slowed gastric emptying.
• Reduced appetite.

All of these effects make Semaglutide an effective treatment for weight loss. [6]

Moreover, it also affects various body systems like the pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, fat tissue, and central nervous system.

On the other hand, Tirzepatide is a synthetic peptide with 39 amino acids. It has dual agonist activity at both GIP and GLP-1 receptors, which differs slightly from Semaglutide. While it is primarily approved for treating type 2 diabetes, it's also used off-label for obesity. [4]

Tirzepatide promotes weight loss through various mechanisms. It causes:

• Improvements in beta-cell function.
• Insulin sensitivity.

The peptide leads to significant weight reduction along with improvement in HbA1c levels.

But, mild gastrointestinal events such as diarrhea, nausea, and decreased appetite have been observed. [12]

Comparison Table

Tirzepatide

Semaglutide

Usage

Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Treatment of Type 2 diabetes and weight loss

Mechanism of Action

GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist

GLP-1 receptor agonist

Administration

Subcutaneous injection

Subcutaneous injection or oral tablets

Frequency

Once weekly

Once weekly

Possible Side Effects

Gastrointestinal issues

Acute kidney injury

Hypersensitivity reactions

Cholelithiasis

Cholecystitis

Hypoglycemia

Acute kidney injury

Pancreatitis

Gallstones

The toxicity of co-product SNAC in oral form is below the threshold

Dosage & Escalation

Tirzepatide was administered at three different weekly dosage levels for weight loss therapy: 5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg.

Starts at 0.25mg weekly, escalates to 2.4mg<br>- Crucial to adhere to this protocol

Duration of Treatment

Upto 72 weeks

52 to 104 weeks

Summary for Weight Loss and Healing Peptides

Peptides are emerging as promising treatment options in both healing and weight management. Notable healing peptides include BPC-157, GHK-cu, NAD+, and Ipamorelin. All of these peptides are known for tissue repair and regeneration.

Meanwhile, Semaglutide and Tirzepatide are being investigated for weight loss therapy.

Overall, peptides have wide applications in hormone regulation, immune modulation, antimicrobial properties, pain management, and more.

Reference

[1] Al Musaimi, O., Al Shaer, D., de la Torre, B. G., & Albericio, F. (2018). 2017 FDA peptide harvest. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 11(2), 42.

[2] Chang, C.-H., Tsai, W.-C., Lin, M.-S., Hsu, Y.-H., & Pang, J.-H. S. (2011). The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration. Journal of Applied Physiology, 110(3), 774–780.

[3] Covarrubias, A. J., Perrone, R., Grozio, A., & Verdin, E. (2020). NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during aging. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 22(2), 119–141.

[4] Farzam, K., & Patel, P. (2023, May 26). Tirzepatide. NCBI Bookshelf.

[5] Ishida, J., Saitoh, M., Ebner, N., Springer, J., Anker, S. D., & von Haehling, S. (2020). Growth hormone secretagogues: History, mechanism of action, and clinical development. JCSM Rapid Communications, 3(1), 25–37.

[6] Mahapatra, M. K., Karuppasamy, M., & Sahoo, B. M. (2022). Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist with cardiovascular benefits for managing type 2 diabetes. Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders, 23(3), 521–539.

[7] Park, J.-R., Lee, H., Kim, S.-I., & Yang, S.-R. (2016). The tri-peptide GHK-Cu complex ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. Oncotarget, 7(36), 58405–58417.

[8] Pickart, L., & Margolina, A. (2018). Regenerative and protective actions of the GHK-cu peptide in the light of the new gene data. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(7).

[9] Pickart, L., Vasquez-Soltero, J. M., & Margolina, A. (2012). The human tripeptide GHK-cu in the prevention of oxidative stress and degenerative conditions of aging: Implications for cognitive health. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2012.

[10] Radenkovic, D., Reason, & Verdin, E. (2020). Clinical evidence for targeting NAD therapeutically. Pharmaceuticals, 13(9).

[11] Svensson, J., Lall, S., Dickson, S., Bengtsson, B., Romer, J., Ahnfelt-Ronne, I., Ohlsson, C., & Jansson, J. (2000). The GH secretagogues ipamorelin and GH-releasing peptide-6 increase bone mineral content in adult female rats. Journal of Endocrinology, 165(3), 569–577.

[12] Thomas, Nikooienejad, Bray, Cui, Wilson, Duffin, Milicevic, Haupt, & Robins. (2020). Dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide improves beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 106(2), 388–396.

Disclaimer: The information shared in this article is strictly for educational and research use only. The U.S. FDA (Food and Drug Administration) has not evaluated or approved any information presented here.

Any potential applications of the above drugs must be conducted under controlled research conditions and regulatory standards.

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