Philip Jackson: Undoubtedly there was a sense of disappointment as a result of the delay but those with real interest a yearago will remain committed. India is too important a market to overlook, whatever the timing of disinvestment.Disinvestments are complex processes where governments need to give due consideration to a number ofconstituencies before they decide how to move forward. Once the decision to proceed has, however, been takenit is important, in terms of maximisation of value, for the timetable to be clear, realistic and observed byall.

Arijit Barman: Do you feel the Iraq crisis will have any impact on the process (bidding, valuations etc) in the near future?

Philip Jackson: Instability in the Middle East has kept oil prices high and created real uncertainty in the markets. There arewinners and losers. Producers of oil have done well - and may therefore be in a better position to invest.Internationally, those involved in the downstream marketing businesses have sometimes not been able to pass onhigher oil prices in totality and their profitability has fallen. This may limit their ability to participate.

Certainly, investors will look carefully at both HPCL and BPCL's results to gauge their ability to weatherthe current storms. Current market conditions will be seen as a good "stress-test" of India'sliberalisation of energy prices.

Arijit Barman: The actual process of disinvestment is multi-layered and time consuming. Keeping that in mind, what kind of atime frame are you looking at in the actual sale and transfer of management? 2003-04 is an election year inIndia, so do you feel political considerations may subvert the process? After all disinvestment has been apolitical hot potato.

Philip Jackson: It will be for the government and its advisers to fix a disinvestment timetable which takes account of thewide range of operational and legal matters that need to be resolved in any such process.

At JPMorgan, we believe it will be possible to undertake at least one of the BPCL / HPCL disinvestmentsbefore the next scheduled election. Elections always provide uncertainty.

As a businessman coming to India since 1980, I am often struck by the regularity with which democracy isobserved. Disinvestment processes are on a longer cycle and the political challenge is to show strongleadership in the debate over the benefits such structural reforms can bring, as any ambivalence is quicklydetected by both voters and investors.

Arijit Barman: The strategic investor in HPCL will not have a completely free hand in running the company even though thegovernment will be left with a mere 12% equity in the oil company after its disinvestment. A series ofarticles in the sales agreement with the strategic investor has been included. They include:

• the new management cannot change the share capital of the company.
  
  
• it cannot change the memorandum of association of the company
  
  
• it cannot initiate action on winding up the company
  
  
• it cannot unilaterally take decisions affecting the public interest
  
  
• it cannot sell, lease, exchange or disperse existing assets of the company
  
  
• it cannot initiate a new line of business which may be detrimental to other companies of the government.

Now with so many clauses, don't you think investors will think twice before bidding for HPCL? Won't theseclauses actually deter companies from bidding?

Philip Jackson: It is more the rule than the exception that disinvesting governments seek to provide limits upon certainactions of an incoming investor. Sometimes this is done through legislation, sometimes through the Memorandumand Articles of Association. The rules need to be clear as they will affect price.

Through one side of the prism, constraints imposed can affect future access to capital, competitiveness andthe future growth of the company ; through another they protect other constituencies important to government.Certainly, investors would want clarification of the circumstances in which some of the more open-endedconstraints would apply.

For disinvestment processes not to be impugned, they need to result in orderly transitions. There have beeninstances internationally when discretions reserved seemingly for the protection of the public interest haveback-fired in that they have caused governments to be embroiled in controversies at politically inopportunemoments. It may therefore be in the government's interest to limit (by time or voting majority required) theoperation of some proposed constraints.